Production chain Open-pit mineUnderground mineOre stockpileHaulage driftOre body profileEconomic pit shellCage shaftSkip shaftInclined shaftCrosscutDecline rampVentilation shaftTO CONCENTRATORSOre bodyBlastingMining ConcentrationCrushingPieces of ore are crushed and ground in crushersMillingCrushed ore is ground in mills with waterPulp (finely ground ore mixed with water)Tailings transported via a slurry pipelineConcentrateFlotationMineral separation by selective attachment of mineral particles to air bubbles. Hydrophobic mineral particles rise with air bubbles, while hydrophilic one remain in the slurryTailings storage facilitySmelting ThickeningPartial dewatering of concentrate to achieve a moisture content of 40%–50% SmeltingProcess gasMatteGranulated waste slagCrushing, millingConverter slagNickel anodesNickel tube furnace powderNickel pelletsSlagMatteProduction of sulphuric acid for saleStages of the nickel production chainFlash smelting furnace (Norilsk site)Smelting of raw materials to a molten state through internal oxidation processes, separating gangue and iron into slag and producing matteRoasting and EAF smelting (Kola site)Redox roasting and EAF smeltingNickel tankhouse (Kola site)Leach-electrowin processChemical and metallurgical shop (Kola site)Electrowinning processCarbonyl nickel section (Kola site)Converter matte separation section (Kola site) ConverterOxidation and removal of iron and other undesirable impurities into slagSlag-cleaning furnaceEnhanced recovery of metals from slagConcentrationBackfilling of mine workingsCopper production chainChlorine leaching residualsPrecious metal concentratesPrecious metalsNickel carbonyl pellets and powderNickel cathodes for saleCobalt concentrate, cobalt cathodesNickel cathodesCobalt solutionsRefineriesToll processing by third-party refineriesFinished products for saleCobalt section (Kola site)Electrowinning process Metallurgical shop (Norilsk site)Processing of sludges and semi-products with high precious metal contentMattePrecious metalsProcess gasPrecious metal concentratesBlister copperSludgeCopper cathodesCopper anodesSeleniumRefineriesToll processing by third-party refineriesFinished products for saleElectrolysisDissolution in electrolyte and deposition of pure metal on cathodes. Precious metal impurities insoluble in the electrolyte fall to the bottom of the electrowinning cell in the form of sludgeVanyukov furnaceSmelting of raw materials to a molten state through internal oxidation processes, separating gangue and iron into slag and producing matteWaste slagProduction of commercial sulphur and sulphuric acid for operational needsConverterOxidation and removal of iron and other undesirable impurities into slagAnode furnaceRemoval of impurities into slagStages of the copper production chain